ISP controller: A chip for in-circuit programming, streamlining microcontroller configuration and enhancing electronic system development.

​ASIC, or Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, is a customized chip designed for specific tasks, optimizing performance in dedicated applications.

SOC, or System-on-a-Chip, integrates multiple functions onto a single semiconductor, enhancing efficiency and compactness in electronic device design.

A subsystem is a self-contained unit within a larger system, performing specific functions independently to contribute to overall system functionality and efficiency.